Aristotle And Kant Virtue Ethics - 1847 Words

Aristotle and Kant are great philosophers who have made substantial efforts to focus on the issue of virtue ethics. Virtue ethics is a wide term for principles that focus on the moral act that brings about good values. Aristotle and Kant are virtue ethicist since they attempt to offer moral advice to the society. Most virtue ethicist emulates Aristotle who affirmed that a righteous person should have the ideal traits. These traits originate from natural innermost tendencies but societies need to nurture them. Unlike, deontological theory, eudaemonist do not predominantly ascertain universal principles applicable in the moral state. This research essay discusses Aristotle’s eudaemonist virtue in comparison to Kantian deontological virtue ethics. Although Kantian deontological places greater emphasis on duty, eudaemonist places greater emphasis on virtuous actions to promote happiness or good life.Aristotle’s eudaemonist virtue differs to some degree from that of Deontolo gical ethics. First, Kantian Deontological places greater emphasis on duty while Aristotle places greater emphasis on virtuous actions. Deontology is a Greek word known as â€Å"Deon†, which translates as â€Å"duty†. Demonologist believes that it is the moral duty to treat others well and with dignity, as well as respect. In simple terms, deontology ethical theory merely focuses on what a rational moral agent can do, and that is duty rather than the consequences of an act. Kant notes that universal law exists; thus, aShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Virtue Ethics And Kant s Ethics Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesmany philosophers, such as Aristotle and Immanuel Kant, wouldn’t have found a need to construct a universal solution. However, where are we today in terms of ethical and moral standpoints? It sounds desirable to proclaim that ancient virtues no longer matter in today’s world, but that’s simply not the case. We, as in humans, use ethics as a re ference to our decision making on a daily basis. Whether it’s holding a door for someone or listening to an instructor’s lecture, ethics plays a significant roleRead MoreKant And Aristotle s Views On Ethics And Morals1480 Words   |  6 PagesStrom Philosophy 300 Class Section 1200 Recitation-Tuesday 10am 2/11/2015 What Is The Highest Good? Immanuel Kant and Aristotle are two of the most prominent philosophers on ethics and morals. Each has their own idea about human life and what the highest good is. It has even been said that in his Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals Kant disproves Aristotle’s view. In order to prove that Kant successfully disproves Aristotle’s theory, we must first understand both theories. After a successful understandingRead MoreThomas Aquinas And John Stuart Mill1582 Words   |  7 PagesAlexis Hoffman Professor Madison Introduction to Ethics October 15, 2017 TITLE There are four main philosophers that set the basis for different styles of ethics. The four Philosophers that made a huge impact on us all are Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. All four philosophers are very well known for their intelligence and work in the ethics community. Although all of the philosophers have the same goal of defining ethics and how we should behave in terms of the highestRead MorePhilosophical Analysis of Aristotle883 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophical analysis of Aristotle Many theorists consider Aristotle to be the first person to use the term â€Å"ethics† in naming the field of study that had already been subject to develop by his predecessors Socrates and Plato. Philosophical ethics attempts in offering the rational response to the questions regarding how the human beings live. Aristotle used to be regarding politics and ethics as two related but very separate field of study because ethics examines the good concerning an individualRead MoreComparing The Theories Of Aristotle And Kants Theory Of Ethics884 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, I will compare the theories of Aristotle and Kant on the basis of ethics. I will be examining Aristotle’s theory of virtue in which his focus is â€Å"What is a Good Life† and Kant’s theory of deontological ethics in which the moral worth of an action lies in the duty upon which moral actions are engendered. To begin, Aristotles moral theory (theory of virtue) focuses on questions about what is good? His focus is What is the good life? What does it mean to be a good person? (KemerlingRead MoreHow Should One Live914 Words   |  4 Pagesof these perspectives; Aristotelian virtue ethics and Kantian duty ethics. Moral philosophy is to depict the absolute ideal (Sullivan, 1980), Aristotelian virtue ethics argues that a virtuous eudemonic life constitutes a moral one. Kant differs; morality is rational and the categorical imperative it to be abided by to live as such. Aristotle is the main proponent in the field of virtue ethics, culminating in the seminal work on the Subject; Nicomachean Ethics (NE). NE recognises a life well livedRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics1095 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The beginning seems to be more than half of the whole.† ― Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics Ethics is the philosophical study of moral judgements (Solomon: 2010). Moral philosophy has long been dominated by two basic theories; deontology, inspired by Immanuel Kant, the eighteenth century philosopher and; utilitarianism or consequentialism, which derives its modern day instructions from eighteenth and nineteenth century philosophers Jeremey Bentham and J. S. Mills, respectively (Hursthouse:1999)Read MoreAristotle on Friendship Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle on Friendship We are social creatures. We surround ourselves with other human beings, our friends. It is in our nature. We are constantly trying to broaden the circumference of our circle of friends. Aristotle understood the importance of friendship, books VIII and IX of the Nicomachean Ethics deal solely with this topic. A modern day definition of a friend can be defined as â€Å"one joined to another in intimacy and mutual benevolence independently of sexual or family love†. (OxfordRead MoreKant And Kant s Decision Procedures1143 Words   |  5 Pageswrong to kill a healthy person and consequently, this creates a problem for act utilitarians. With regard to Kantianism, Kant believes that moral duty is based on reason. Every rational being must consider the decision procedure for moral reasoning to determine if their action is morally permissible and can be universalized. However, Kant’s decision procedures may lead to conflict. Kant endorses the claim that one must never lie , regardless of the circumstance. As discussed in class, we are tempted toRead MoreNicomachean Ethics: Ruminations on Virtue Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesNicomachean Ethics: Ruminations on Virtue Humans are categorized as the only rational animal; we have the ability to reason, and using our skills of reasoning allows us to oftentimes act against what (could be considered) a â€Å"natural† instinct and do something seemingly selfless simply because it conforms to the individual’s notion of what is right. There is an inherent self-awareness to human sentience that does, indeed reasonably separate us from the animal kingdom. However our defining self-awareness

Paradoxes Of Culture And Globalization - 1185 Words

Paradoxes of Culture and Globalization What is a culture and why are there so many definitions of a culture? Does it matter? Is it rapidly changing? An how does globalization impact a culture? During my research I have found many definitions of a culture, but the most admired one that was mentioned by Martin Gannon in his book of Paradoxes of Culture and Globalization. He indicates that a culture is defined by two famous anthropologists, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, who have studied more than 100 definitions of culture in 1952. They have stated that Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, and on the other as conditioning elements of further action. (qtd. in Gannon 19). However, this definition is about 60 years old now, the world has changed since the 1950s where globalizations was not as spread as today, which is why I believe a modern definition of a culture will fit more properly than Kroeber and Kluckhohn s. In 2001 Geert Hofstede defined culture as a mental programming, he argued that if something contravene this program by cross-cultural interactions relationships breaks down (Gannon 19). Going back to our secondShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is The Rise Of Global Economy818 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is a term that came into popular usage in the 1980 s to describe the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that has led to increased interconnectedness among the world s populations, economically, politically, socially and culturally. Although globalization is often thought of in economic terms (i.e., the global marketplace), this process has many social and political implications as well. Many in local communities associateRead MoreCross-Cultural Management Issues Recommend Solutions Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesto hire and maintain an exceedingly diverse and multicultural workforce. With globalization, multinational corporations have a great opportunity to work with people from different cultures and with a diverse pool of skills. However, there is a major cost of working in a foreign culture. Several problems arise when managing a culturally diverse workforce; management needs to solve them. Understanding different cultures improves employees’ efficiency and productivity. However, many issues in cross-culturalRead MoreInfluence Of Cultural Values On Advertising Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesmultinational companies are being marketed to people from different cultures owing to an increased growth in the world economy (Lin, 2012). Samli (1995) states that in most cases, consumer attitudes are largely driven by the framework of their culture. Mooji points out that global marketing strategies are not culture-free and should not be because its influence on consumer behavior is profound (1998, 2005) .In his article â€Å"The Globalization of Markets†, Levitt (1983) argued that customers can be persuadedRead MoreChinatown: The Spread of Eastern Culture in a Western Society1124 Words   |  5 Pagesspan of globalization and mixing of world cultures has been particularly prevalent. Through the spread of technology and communications across national boundaries, the various superpowers of the world have begun immersing themselves into foreign cultures and have introduced their own cultures to nations that are not their own as well as have accepted certain parts of foreign culture in their own homes. One of the greatest examples of this exchange of culture is the prevalence of Chinese culture in theRead MoreGlobalization and Modernization1215 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Globalization and Modernization 1 Globalization and Modernization The phenomenon of globalization has become a fact of life, not only in the academic discipline of economics but communication and technology as well as political science and international relations. Globalization necessities a reflection of its intrinsic uncertainties and paradoxes. For example, the trend can not only sponsor the exchange of social and technical knowledge, but also assists synchronization amongst organized crimeRead MoreHow Does Globalization Impact Culture?2264 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is a culture and why are there so many definitions of a culture? Does it matter? Is it rapidly changing? An how does globalization impact a culture? During my research I have found that globalization can affect people s root cultures, values, and traditions. People are becoming the citizens of the world rather their own countries. This tremendous flow of immigration or globalization for other purposes have, unfortunately, raised many problems and implications on education, workplac es, and communicationsRead MoreEssay about Report on Cross-Cultural Management1127 Words   |  5 PagesAdditionally, the report has produced the future way of cross-cultural management, including how it can be improved in offices relying much on this strategic approach. â€Æ' Diversity of Cross-Cultural Management Introduction In the beginning of globalization, organizations have started redefining their approaches of management. It is because of the fast, continual, and uninterrupted change being experienced by organizations in the contemporary period. Organizations have taken into account strategicRead MoreThe Emerging Trends or Challenges in the Management of Organizations3273 Words   |  14 Pagesexamined in this paper: globalization, diversity, flexibility, flat, and networks. These five emerging trends create tensions for organizational leaders and employees as they go through waves of changes in their organizations. These tensions present opportunities as well as threats, and if these tensions are not managed well, they will result in dysfunctional and dire organizational outcomes at the end of any change process. CHALLENGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS GLOBALIZATION OrganizationsRead MoreHp at a Strategic Crossroad: 20052990 Words   |  12 Pagesorganizational dimensions relate to one another and with external environment in which businesses operate? 1.2 1.3 ii. The major paradoxes today and HP’s dilemma What are the major paradoxes issues facing today’s business? The difficulties of organizational transformation HP: Some issues in the process of organizational transformation 2.1 Organizational culture How relevant is HP’s legacy in today’s competitive technology driven environment? Were the changes initiated buy Fiorina justifiedRead MoreMajor Themes Of The Media And Communications Essay1934 Words   |  8 PagesEmotional marketingfocus the significance of emotional connection between the brand/company and the customer influenced by the arrangement of the trademark values and needs of contemporary customers,which, thusly, frames another image consumption culture (T. Rytel,2009).5) Global advertising is much on the minds of scholastics and professionals. It has been contended that the overall marketplace has turned out to be homogenized to the point that multinational corporations can showcase standardized

Intelligence Cross Cultural Intelligence at the Workplace

Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural Intelligence at the Workplace. Answer: Introduction In the recent times, globalization of businesses is taking place at a rapid pace leading to significant changes in the ways in which people tend to work together. Again globalization has led to consequences like more contact between the cultures (Ang et al., 2007). Thus taking into consideration the above aspects, the essay emphasizes upon analyzing the concept of cultural intelligence at workplace with major emphasis upon cross cultural adaptation. This would be conducted by critically reviewing two journal articles on cultural intelligence and then identify the strengths and weakness both the articles to identify the more convincing article. (Aycan, 2009) defines cultural intelligence as capability on the part of the individuals to successfully adapt to the unfamiliar and new cultural settings and thus efficiently function in situations that are characterized by the cultural diversity. With increase in the advancements in technology together with globalization and increasing trend on the part of the business organizations to hire foreign talent for business has made it mandatory to work and operate in a culturally diverse environment making it important for the individuals associated with these organizations to acquire the skills to deal with cultural diversity (Bleichrodt et al., 2006). So it can be said that cross cultural intelligence has emerged as a major concept in todays business environment and thus the business organizations in order to develop compassion between the clients and the colleagues from different cultural backgrounds and nationalities should emphasize upon developing a common ground, avoid stereotypi ng, and maintain a learning environment. Moreover, in context to the situation of cross cultural intelligence, the concept of cross cultural adjustment also took place. As per the studies conducted by Crowne, (2013), cross cultural adjustment can be defined as the degree of psychological comfort that an expatriate feels with different aspects of the host culture. Thus the adjustments need to be made in relation to the interactions that take place with the nationals of the host country, the general environment and work i.e. the job responsibilities, supervisory responsibilities and performance standards. Thus it can be said that cross cultural adjustment can be looked upon as a major indicator and the determinant of the success of the expatriate in relation to his international assignments. Again, taking into consideration the concept of cross cultural intelligence and cross cultural adaptation by the individuals, the essay mainly emphasizes upon two journal articles like The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance and Cultural Intelligence: Domain and Assessment. As per the second journal i.e. Cultural Intelligence: Domain and Assessment, the concept of cultural intelligence has recently been stressed and emphasized upon, however it puts forward the fact that the aspect at workplace possess the potentiality of providing an in depth explanations towards the effectiveness in cross cultural interactions. So this article emphasizes upon clearly defining the cultural intelligence on the basis of the review of the available literature in the domains of the social cognition, the cross cultural interactions and intelligence (Thomas et al., 2008). Moreover the article defines cultural intelligence as a system that facilitates effective interaction between the skills and knowledge that is efficiently linked by the cultural meta-cognition that possess the ability of driving individuals to successfully adapt to, select and shape the cultural aspects related to the environment in which they are in. On the other hand the article The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance and thus it investigated the effects of cultural intelligence and its dimensions on the cross cultural adjustments and also the job performance of the individuals. The article puts forward the fact that cultural intelligence can be looked upon as a major cross cultural competency that helps the expatriates towards cross cultural adaptation and also enhances their job performance while working for their organization in other nations (Wei and Rose, 2011). Moreover, it also led to the development of the fact that the individuals who are characterized with greater meta-cognitive and motivational cultural intelligence possess greater ability of cross cultural adjustments. It also reveals that there exists a significant positive relationship between the contextual performances of the expatriates and behavioral and meta-cognitive cultural intelligence. But, this article does n ot support the fact that that there exists a significant positive relationship task performance and cultural intelligence. Thus the analysis of the fact proposed by both the articles reveals the fact where some situations, both the articles are in perfect alignment with each other; there are some aspects like in context to the relationship between the task performance of the individuals and cultural intelligence. Again, in comparing the findings of the study to my knowledge of cross cultural intelligence and cultural adaptability, I would like to emphasize upon the fact that cross cultural intelligence is a type of system that facilitates the individuals to acquire the skills and knowledge that is required to perform the tasks and assignments in different nations i.e. work efficiently in a diverse working environment. As per my concept, I was aware of the fact that crosses cultural intelligence tends to make a significant impact on the task performance of the individual, but the findings of the article revealed that there does not exit any significant relationship between the cultural intelligence and ta sk performance. I was also not aware of the facts like meta-cognition, behavioral cognition and motivational cognition, but these articles briefly explained these concepts that led to enhanced understanding and knowledge on my part. Thus it can be said that the reference materials that have been selected for the study is based upon some specific context about which I had little knowledge and has also presented fresh perspectives that include how cross cultural intelligence, cross cultural adaptation and performance of the tasks by the individual is interrelated. Analysis of the perspectives and the arguments that have been presented by the selected reference materials, it can be said that cultural intelligence has been portrayed as a system that facilitates the individuals with efficient interacting abilities. As similar to general intelligence, cultural intelligences construct is so broad that it is possible to categorize the skills component and measure the same in various different ways. It emphasizes upon the fact that cultural meta-cognition possesses a central position in the conceptualization of the cultural intelligence and it can be looked upon as an element that leads to emergence of cultural intelligence through effective interaction of the constituent elements of meta-cognition (Evelina etal., 2008). In alignment with the earlier discussed article, the second article also portrays cultural intelligence as an intercultural capacity that is important on the part of the individuals i.e. the expatriates who are working in foreign cou ntries and in a different cultural environment. Moreover, adding to the above aspects, this article also provides a clear description of why it becomes easy for some individuals to adapt and interact in an efficient manner in foreign cultures in comparison to others beyond the ability of simply acquiring the ability to understand and communicate in the foreign language. This articles has also explained the concept of meta-cognition cultural intelligence and the facts put forwards by both the articles are in alignment with each other. Through effective comparisons of both the articles selected as a reference material, it can be said that the article The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance is more convincing and this because of the fact that the article is mainly based upon the research study that has been conducted to analyze the concept of cross cultural intelligence and its impact on the job performance and cross cultural adjustments of the expatriates. So all the facts that has been provided in this article is based upon the practical observations and data collected through survey i.e. the real time data collated for this purpose only. However another article Cultural Intelligence: Domain and Assessment can also be considered to be effective, but it lacks to support its points by the practical observations. But again on the other hand, it emphasized upon supporting its facts through the available literature. Focusing upon the strengths of both the articles, it can b e said that where the one article has based its provided facts on the basis of both the available literature and practical observations collected through survey, the other article based its facts upon the facts and arguments put forward by the different researchers and authors. The authors of both the articles have emphasized upon presenting a well balanced argument and have substantiated the fact either through the arguments of previous authors or through the facts. An in depth analysis of the facts put forward by both the articles revels that the facts hold true and there aspects like how cross cultural competency and cross cultural adaptation can prove to be beneficial for the organization of the indivuals have not been addressed together with the ways in which cross cultural intelligence at workplace can be enhanced and improved. Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it can be said that cross cultural intelligence at workplace and cross cultural adaptation by the individuals have emerged due to tendency of the organizations to go global and hire foreign talent for business growth. So in this context, it becomes important to efficiently manage individuals at workplace to make able to adapt to different cultures and promote diversity at workplace. References Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K.Y., Templar, K.J., Tay, C., (2007) Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgement and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance, Management and Organization Review 3(03): 33571. Aycan, Z. (2009) Acculturation of Expatriate Managers: A Process Model of Adjustment and Performance, in Z. Aycan (ed.) New Approaches to Employee Management, Vol. 4: Expatriate Management: Theory and Research, pp. 140. Stamford, CT: JAI Press Bleichrodt, N., Hoksbergen, R. and Khire, U. (2006). Cross-Cultural Testing of Intelligence.Cross-Cultural Research, 33(1), pp.3-25. Crowne, K. (2013). Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: An exploratory study.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13(1), pp.5-22. Evelina Ascalon, M., Schleicher, D. and Born, M. (2008). Crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural social intelligence.Cross Cultural Management, 15(2), pp.109-130. Rehg, M., Gundlach, M. and Grigorian, R. (2012). Examining the influence of crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cultural training on cultural intelligence and specific selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ efficacy.Cross Cultural Management, 19(2), pp.215-232. Thomas, D., Elron, E., Stahl, G., Ekelund, B., Ravlin, E., Cerdin, J., Poelmans, S., Brislin, R., Pekerti, A., Aycan, Z., Maznevsk, M., Au, K. and Lazarova, M. (2008). Cultural Intelligence : Domain and Assessment.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol 8(2)(DOI: 10.1177/1470595808091787), pp.123143. Wei, C. and Rose, R. (2011). The Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Cross-Cultural Adjustment and Job Performance amongst Expatriates in Malaysia.International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(9), pp.59-66. Zeidner, M. (1990). Perceptions of Ethnic Group Modal Intelligence: Reflections of Cultural Stereotypes or Intelligence Test Scores?.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21(2), pp.214-231.